10 REM **** HP TIME-SHARED BASIC PROGRAM LIBRARY ******************* 20 REM 30 REM GAMGN: PROCESS OF GAMETOGENSIS 40 REM 50 REM 36302 (A833) REV A -- 10/71 60 REM 70 REM **** CONTRIBUTED PROGRAM ************************************ 80 REM GAMGU--COPYRIGHT 1970-- POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BROOKLYN 90 REM THIS PROGRAM DEVELOPED BY R. COOPERMAN--JOHN GLENN HIGH SCHOOL 100 REM REVISED BY C.LOSIK 7-9-70 110 REM ALL INPUTS ARE TEMPORARY 120 PRINT "THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF PRIMARY SEX" 130 PRINT "CELLS. CHROMOSOMES ARE REPRESENTED BY LETTERS." 140 PRINT 150 PRINT "PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE PRIMARY OOCYTE" 160 PRINT " ---------- ----------" 170 PRINT " ( A1 A2 ) ( A3 A4 )" 180 PRINT " ( ) ( )" 190 PRINT " ( B1 B2 ) ( B3 B4 )" 200 PRINT " ---------- ----------" 210 PRINT 220 LET Y=0 230 PRINT "BY TYPING IN A NUMBER,WHAT IS THE DIPLOID NUMBER OF" 240 PRINT "CHROMOSOMES FOR THIS ORGANISM"; 250 INPUT C 260 IF C=4 THEN 330 270 PRINT 280 PRINT " ARE YOU SURE THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MEANT BY DIPLOID" 290 PRINT "AND HAPLOID?" 300 IF Y=1 THEN 1210 310 LET Y=Y+1 320 GOTO 230 330 PRINT 340 PRINT "SO YOU SEE THAT A1 + A2, FOR EXAMPLE, ARE PAIRS OF HOMOLOGOUS" 350 PRINT "CHROMOSOMES. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT AFTER FERTILIZATION, IF THE" 360 PRINT "DIPLOID CONDITION IS TO BE RETAINED THAT WE HAVE SOME MEANS OF" 370 PRINT "PLACING ONLY ONE A AND ONE B CHROMOSOME IN THE SPERM AND ONLY" 380 PRINT "ONE A AND ONE B CHROMOSOME IN THE EGG. THIS INVOLVES MEIOSIS." 390 PRINT 400 PRINT "LOOK AT THE PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE ABOVE." 410 PRINT "DURING THE FIRST STAGE OF MEIOSIS, THE MALE SEX CELL" 420 PRINT "SHOULD APPEAR AS IT IS IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAMS." 430 PRINT 440 PRINT " 1 2 3 4 5" 450 PRINT "---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------" 460 PRINT "( A1A1 ) ( A1 A2 ) ( A ) ( A1 A2 ) ( )" 470 PRINT "( A2A2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )" 480 PRINT "( B1B1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )" 490 PRINT "( B2B2 ) ( B1 B2 ) ( B ) ( ) ( B1 B2 )" 500 PRINT "---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------" 510 LET X=0 520 PRINT 530 PRINT "WHICH DIAGRAM MOST CLOSELY REPRESENTS THIS MEIOTIC STAGE "; 540 INPUT D 550 IF D=1 THEN 620 560 PRINT 570 PRINT "YOUR REASONING IS FAULTY." 580 PRINT "DO YOU RECALL THAT A TETRAD IS FORMED?" 590 IF X=2 THEN 1210 600 LET X=X+1 610 GOTO 530 620 PRINT 630 PRINT "O.K., NOW WE CAN MOVE ALONG. MEIOTIC DIVISION OCCURS AND" 640 PRINT "WE GET TWO SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTES FROM EACH PRIMARY" 650 PRINT "SPERMATOCYTE AND ONE SECONDARY OOCYTE FROM EACH PRIMARY " 660 PRINT "OOCYTE. EACH SPERMATOCYTE CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING CHROMOSOMES:" 670 PRINT "A1 A2, B1 B2. EACH OOCYTE HAS A3 A4, B3 B4." 680 PRINT 690 PRINT "THE REASON WHY ONLY ONE OOCYTE IS PRODUCED IS:" 700 PRINT 710 PRINT " 1)THE OOCYTE DOES NOT UNDERGO DIVISION." 720 PRINT " 2)THE OOCYTE DIVIDES AFTER FERTILIZATION." 730 PRINT " 3)A POLAR BODY IS FORMED." 740 PRINT " 4)THERE IS AN ERROR IN THE COMPUTER." 750 PRINT 760 PRINT "WHICH NUMBER WOULD REPRESENT THE CORRECT ANSWER"; 770 INPUT E 780 PRINT 790 IF E=3 THEN 830 800 PRINT "STOP GUESSING. THERE IS A PERFECTLY GOOD EXPLANATION WHICH" 810 PRINT "HAS A VITAL FUNCTION." 820 GOTO 750 830 PRINT "CORRECT. NOW LET'S MOVE TO THE FINAL STAGE IN WHICH" 840 PRINT "WE WILL END UP WITH 4 MONOPLOID(HAPLOID) SPERM--1)A1B1" 850 PRINT "2)A2B2 3)A1B2 4)A2B1 AND ONE OVUM--1)A3B3 OR 2)A4B4" 860 PRINT "OR 3)A3B4 OR 4)A4B3" 870 PRINT 880 PRINT "WHAT IS THE POSSIBILITY THAT THE OFFSPRING WILL HAVE" 890 PRINT "THE SAME CHROMOSOMAL COMPOSITION AS THE FATHER?" 900 PRINT "PRINT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS." 910 PRINT " 1)50 CHANCE 2)NO CHANCE 3)100 CHANCE" 920 PRINT " 4)YOU CAN'T TELL FROM THE INFORMATION GIVEN" 930 INPUT F 940 IF F=2 THEN 980 950 PRINT "YOU COULDN'T BE MORE WRONG. LOOK AT ALL THE CELLS AGAIN AND" 960 PRINT "COMPARE ALL POSSIBILITIES." 970 GOTO 930 980 PRINT "GOOD THINKING." 990 PRINT "I HOPE YOU HAVE A FAIRLY GOOD IDEA OF SEVERAL PRINCIPLES" 1000 PRINT "INVOLVED, PARTICULARLY RANDOM ASSORTMENT." 1010 PRINT 1020 PRINT "NOW LET'S SEE IF WE CAN USE THESE IDEAS TO DETERMINE WHAT" 1030 PRINT "OCCURS IN A POPULATION. WE WILL USE AS OUR ORGANISM THE FRUIT" 1040 PRINT "FLY, DROSOPHILA, WHICH HAS 8 AS THE DIPLOID NUMBER OF" 1050 PRINT "CHROMOSOMES. THE FOLLOWING WILL REPRESENT CERTAIN CONDITIONS" 1060 PRINT "IN FRUIT FLIES :" 1070 PRINT 1080 PRINT "NORMAL WING-RED EYE=A1A2, B1B2, C1C2, D1D2" 1090 PRINT "NORMAL WING-WHITE EYE=A1A2, B2B2, C1C2, D1D2" 1100 PRINT "VESTIGIAL WING=A1A1, B1B2, C1C2, D1D2" 1110 PRINT "LETHAL GENE=A1A2, B1B2, C1C1, D1D2" 1120 PRINT 1130 PRINT "SUPPOSE WE CROSS THE NORMAL RED EYED WITH THE NORMAL" 1140 PRINT "EYED FRUIT FLY. WHAT COULD THE OFFSPRING LOOK LIKE? LOOK AT" 1150 PRINT "THE GENOTYPES CAREFULLY AND SEE IF YOU CAN PICK OUT THE" 1160 PRINT "DIFFERENT GENE COMBINATIONS. THEN MAKE ALL POSSIBLE CROSSES." 1170 PRINT "AT A LATER DATE, WE WILL SEE HOW I, THE COMPUTER, CAN" 1180 PRINT "SOLVE THIS PROBLEM FOR YOU." 1190 PRINT "BUT FIRST, TAKE THIS SHEET BACK TO YOUR SEATS AND WORK ON IT." 1200 STOP 1210 PRINT " YOU'RE JUST GUESSING. I DON'T HAVE TIME TO FOOL" 1220 PRINT "AROUND. TAKE THIS SHEET OUT AND STUDY IT; THEN SEE YOUR" 1230 PRINT "TEACHER BEFORE YOU COME BACK TO ME." 1240 REM NEXT PROGRAM NAME IS DROS** 1250 END