1000,"R: A TUTORIAL PROGRAM IN PILOT ABOUT PILOT",1010,"R:",1020,"R: PACIFIC UNION COLLEGE, L. TURNER, MAY 74",1030,"R:",1040,"R: PROGRAM NUMBER 4, MAINLY DEMAND AND COMPUTE",1050,"R:",1060,"R:*****************************************************************",1070,"T:",1080,"T:HI! I AM READY TO GO AGAIN, HOW ABOUT YOU??",1090,"T:",1100,"T:CONSIDER THIS SECTION OF A PROGRAM:",1110,"T:",1120,"T: NAME TWO STATES BORDERING ON CALIFORNIA +" 1130,"A:",1140,"M:ARIZON,AZ",1150,"M:NEVAD,NV",1160,"M:OREG,OR",1170,".D:2",1180,"Y: VERY GOOD!",1190,"N: NOPE.",1200,"T:",1210,"T:THIS PROGRAM TAKES A TOTAL OF 8 STATEMENTS (INCLUDING A +",1220,"Y:NEGATIVE +",1230,"N:POSITIVE +",1240,"T:RETORT WHICH YOU DID NOT GET SINCE YOU ANSWERED +",1250,"N:IN+" 1260,"T:CORRECTLY). IT ALSO TAKES INTO ACCOUNT ANY COMBINATION OF THE +",1270,"T:THREE POSSIBLE STATES!",1280,"T:",1290,"T:WHAT STATEMENT IS NECESSARY FOR THIS +",1300,"A:",1310,"M:.D,DEMAND",1320,"Y:EXCELLENT, I CAN TELL YOU DID YOUR HOMEWORK!",1330,"JY:*OVERHERE",1340,"T:I SUSPECT YOU DID NOT DO YOUR HOMEWORK! IN THE LAST PROGRAM +",1350,"T:YOU WERE ASKED TO CHECK ON THIS. NOW LISTEN TO ME, IT IS VERY +",1360,"T:IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO STUDY SOME ON YOUR OWN AND ESPECIALLY TO +",1370,"T:PRACTICE." 1380,"T:THE CORRECT ANSWER IS 'THE DEMAND STATEMENT'. WHAT PILOT +",1390,"T:INSTRUCTION DO YOU THINK DESIGNATES THIS +",1400,"A:",1410,".M:.D]",1420,"Y:OK, THAT'S RIGHT! +",1430,"JY:*IMOKUROK",1440,".M:[D]",1450,"Y:THAT IS A GOOD GUESS, BUT NOT QUITE CORRECT. +",1460,"N:NO WAY! +",1470,"*IMOKUROK T:THE DEMAND STATEMENT IS DESIGNATED BY THE INSTRUCTION +",1480,"T:'.D'. REMEMBER THAT ALL PILOT INSTRUCTIONS CONSISTS OF EITHER +",1490,"T:A SINGLE LETTER OR A PERIOD FOLLOWED BY A LETTER." 1500,"*OVERHERE T:LET'S LOOK AT A LISTING OF THE PROGRAM.",1510,"T:",1520,"T: 7000 T:NAME TWO STATES BORDERING ON CALIFORNIA + ",1530,"T: 7010 A:",1540,"T: 7020 M:ARIZON,AZ",1550,"T: 7030 M:NEVAD,NV",1560,"T: 7040 M:OREG,OR",1570,"T: 7050 .D:2",1580,"T: 7060 Y:VERY GOOD!",1590,"T: 7070 N:NOPE.",1600,"T:",1610,"T:THE HEART OF THIS IS STATEMENT 7050, THE DEMAND STATEMENT.",1620,"T:WHAT DO STATEMENTS 7020, 7030, AND 7040 DO +" 1630,"A:",1640,".M:CHECK,MATCH,LOOK*FOR,COMPAR",1650,"Y:YES, +",1660,"N:WELL, +",1670,"T:THEY CHECK FOR THE POSSIBLE CORRECT STATES. NOW IF STATEMENT +",1680,"T:7050 WERE LEFT OUT, THEN WHAT RESPONSE WOULD SET THE MATCH FLAG +",1690,"T:TO THE 'YES' STATE +",1700,"A:",1710,"M:OREG,OR",1720,"Y:EXACTLY! +",1730,"N:HMMM, +",1740,"T:ONLY 'OREGON' WOULD INITIATE 'VERY GOOD!'. WHAT THE DEMAND +",1750,"T:STATEMENT DOES IS TO CHANGE THE MATCH FLAG TO 'YES' IF TWO OR +" 1760,"T:MORE OF THE EXECUTED MATCH STATEMENTS SINCE THE LAST EXECUTED +",1770,"T:ANSWER STATEMENT HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL, OTHERWISE IT IS SET TO +",1780,"T:'NO'!",1790,"T:WHAT OTHER PILOT STATEMENTS CAN CHANGE THE MATCH FLAG +",1800,"A:",1810,".M:[A],ANSWER",1820,".M:[M],MATCH",1830,".D:2",1840,"Y:PERFECT!",1850,"JY:*PERFECT",1860,".D:1",1870,"Y:CORRECT, BUT YOU FORGOT ONE. +",1880,"N:NO, +" 1890,"T:BOTH THE ANSWER AND THE MATCH CAN ALSO SET THE MATCH FLAG.",1900,"*PERFECT T:IF STATEMENT 7050 WERE TO READ '7050 .D:1', THEN HOW +",1910,"T:MANY CORRECT STATES WOULD HAVE TO BE ENTERED IN ORDER TO GET +",1920,"T:'VERY GOOD!' +",1930,"A:#A",1940,"T(A=1):EXACTLY! +",1950,"T(A>1):TRUE, BUT +",1960,"T(A<1):SORRY, +",1970,"T:THE INTEGER OBJECT OF THE DEMAND STATEMENT (IN THIS CASE 1) +",1980,"T:TELLS HOW MANY EXECUTED MATCH STATEMENTS MUST BE SUCCESSFUL SO +",1990,"T:THAT THE 'Y' CONDITION STATEMENTS WILL BE EXECUTED." 2000,"T:CONSIDER:",2010,"T:",2020,"T: 7050 T:YOU GOT + ",2030,"T: 7060 .D:1",2040,"T: 7070 Y:ONE+ ",2050,"T: 7080 .D:2",2060,"T: 7090 Y:, TWO+ ",2070,"T: 7100 .D:3",2080,"T: 7110 Y:, THREE+ ",2090,"T: 7120 .D:1",2100,"T: 7130 Y: OF THEM!",2110,"T: 7140 N:NOT EVEN ONE!",2120,"T:" 2130,"T:TRY IT!",2140,"*TRYIT T:",2150,"T: NAME TWO STATES BORDERING ON CALIFORNIA +",2160,"A:",2170,"M:ARIZON,AZ",2180,"M:NEVAD,NV",2190,"M:OREG,OR",2200,"T: YOU GOT +",2210,".D:1",2220,"Y:ONE+",2230,".D:2",2240,"Y:, TWO+",2250,".D:3" 2260,"Y:, THREE+",2270,".D:1",2280,"Y: OF THEM!",2290,"N:NOT EVEN ONE!",2300,"T:",2310,"C:B=B+1",2320,"T(B<3):TRY IT AGAIN!",2330,"T(B=3):ONE MORE TIME.",2340,"J(B<4):*TRYIT",2350,"T:THERE ARE, OF COURSE, MANY VARIATIONS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE +",2360,"T:DEMAND STATEMENT. CONSIDER:",2370,"T:",2380,"T: 7050 .D:3" 2390,"T: 7060 Y:VERY, VERY GOOD! YOU GOT ALL THREE!",2400,"T: 7070 JY:*NEXT",2410,"T: 7080 .D:2",2420,"T: 7090 Y:CORRECT!",2430,"T: 7100 JY:*NEXT",2440,"T: 7110 .D:1",2450,"T: 7120 Y:YOU DID GET ONE RIGHT.",2460,"T: 7130 N:YOU DIDN'T EVEN GET ONE!",2470,"T: 7140 *NEXT R:",2480,"T:",2490,"T:WHY DO YOU THINK THE JUMP STATEMENTS ARE NECESSARY??",2500,"A:",2510,"T:" 2520,"T:IF .D:3 IS SATISFIED, SO IS .D:2 AND .D:1!! THUS IF THREE ARE +",2530,"T:FOUND, THEN YOU MUST BRANCH AROUND THE SECTIONS THAT CHECK FOR +",2540,"T:TWO AND ONE.",2550,"T:NOTE THAT THE DEMAND STATEMENT CHECKS FOR 'AT LEAST'. IT DOES +",2560,"T:NOT CHECK FOR 'EXACTLY'.",2570,"T:OK, WHAT DO YOU THINK .D:0 SETS THE MATCH FLAG TO +",2580,"A:",2590,".M:[Y],[YES",2600,"Y:RIGHT ON! +",2610,"N:NO, +",2620,"T:SINCE IN ALL CASES AT LEAST ZERO MATCH STATEMENTS HAVE BEEN +" 2630,"T:SATISFIED, .D:0 ALWAYS SETS THE MATCH FLAG TO 'YES'. THIS IS +",2640,"T:A WAY OF FORCING THE MATCH FLAG IRREGARDLESS OF PREVIOUS MATCHES.",2650,"T:AN EXAMPLE:",2660,"T:",2670,"T: 3560 T:CAN YOU NAME THE CLOSEST STAR TO THE EARTH + ",2680,"T: 3570 A:",2690,"T: 3580 M:YES,OF COURS,RIGHT,CERTAIN,SURE,Y",2700,"T: 3590 Y:OK, WHAT IS IT + ",2710,"T: 3600 *STAR AY:",2720,"T: 3610 M:SUN,SOL",2730,"T: 3620 Y:VERY GOOD!",2740,"T: 3630 JY:*NEXT" 2750,"T: 3640 T:NO WAY, HERE'S A HINT: YOU ONLY SEE IT +",2760,"T:DURING THE DAY.",2770,"T: 3650 T:NOW TRY IT + ",2780,"T: 3660 .D:0",2790,"T: 3670 J:*STAR",2800,"T:",2810,"T:IF STATEMENT 3660 WERE MISSING, WOULD *STAR AY: BE EXECUTED +",2820,"T:AFTER THE JUMP (J:*STAR) +",2830,"A:",2840,".M:[N],[NO",2850,"Y:THAT'S RIGHT! +",2860,"N:THINK CAREFULLY. THE MATCH FLAG WOULD BE SET TO 'NO'. +",2870,"T:IN FACT, THERE WOULD BE NO WAY TO GET OUT OF THE LOOP!!" 2880,"T:ACTUALLY THERE ARE PERHAPS OTHER WAYS OF ACHIEVING THIS SAME +",2890,"T:RESULT WITHOUT RESORTING TO THE .D:0, BUT AT TIMES IT IS +",2900,"T:CONVENIENT.",2910,"T:THERE IS ONE FURTHER POINT TO CONSIDER. IF THERE ARE TOO MANY +",2920,"T:ALTERNATIVES IN A MATCH OBJECT TO FIT ON ONE LINE, THEN HOW DO +",2930,"T:YOU 'CONTINUE' A MATCH??",2940,"A:",2950,".M:[N]*COND,[MN],[NO*COND",2960,"Y:YOU REMEMBERED! I AM PROUD OF YOU +",2970,"N:ACTUALLY, +",2980,"T:BY THE USE OF AN 'N' CONDITION YOU CAN 'CONTINUE' AS LONG AS +" 2990,"T:YOU WISH.",3000,"T:THE QUESTION TO BE ANSWERED IS: DOES THIS AFFECT THE FUNCTION +",3010,"T:OF THE DEMAND STATEMENT?",3020,"T:WHAT DO YOU THINK +",3030,"A:",3040,".M:[N],[NO,N'T]",3050,"Y:RIGHT! +",3060,"N:WELL, +",3070,"T:IT DOES WORK PROPERLY IF YOU THINK OF THE TWO OR MORE +",3080,"T:STATEMENTS 'CONTINUED' TOGETHER AS A SINGLE MATCH STATEMENT. +",3090,"T:AT THE MOST THERE WILL BE ONE SUCCESSFUL MATCH AMONG THEM. TO +",3100,"T:SEE THIS, EXAM:",3110,"T:" 3120,"T: 4070 T:NAME A DIGIT AND A COLOR.",3130,"T: 4080 A:",3140,"T: 4090 M:ZER,ONE,TWO,THRE,FOUR,FIVE",3150,"T: 4100 MN:SIX,SEVEN,EIGHT,NINE",3160,"T: 4110 M:BLUE,RED,GREEN,ORANGE,GREY",3170,"T: 4120 MN:PINK,BLACK,PURPLE,VIOLET",3180,"T: 4130 MN:YELLOW,WHITE,BROWN",3190,"T: 4140 .D:2",3200,"T: 4150 Y:GROOVY!",3210,"T: 4160 N:I GIVE UP!",3220,"T:",3230,"T:IF 'TWO' IS TYPED IN, HOW MANY SUCCESSFUL MATCH STATEMENTS WILL +" 3240,"T:EXECUTED BEFORE 4140 +",3250,"A:#C",3260,"T(C=1):CORRECT. +",3270,"T(C#1):NO, +",3280,"T:ONLY NUMBER 4090 WILL BE SUCCESSFUL, IN FACT 4100 WILL NEVER BE +",3290,"T:EXECUTED!",3300,"C(C=1):D=1",3310,"T:NOW WHAT IF 'NINE AND RED' +",3320,"C:C=0",3330,"A:#C",3340,"T(C=2):RIGHT. +",3350,"T(C#2):NOPE, +",3360,"T:BOTH 4100 AND 4110 ARE SUCCESSFUL. NUMBER 4090 IS EXECUTED BUT +" 3370,"T:FAILS. 4120 AND 4130 ARE NOT EVEN EXECUTED.",3380,"C(C=2):D=D+1",3390,"T:IF 'NOTHING' IS TYPED IN +",3400,"C:C=1",3410,"A:#C",3420,"M:ZER,O",3430,"CY:C=0",3440,"T(C=0):OK, +",3450,"T(C):I'M AFRAID NOT. +",3460,"T:THEY ALL WILL BE EXECUTED, BUT NONE SUCCESSFULLY.",3470,"C(C=0):D=D+1",3480,"J(D=3):*ENDEM",3490,"T:HOW MANY WILL BE SUCCESSFUL IF 'VIOLET' +" 3500,"C:C=0",3510,"A:#C",3520,"T(C=1):YES, +",3530,"T(C#1):UH-UHN, +",3540,"T:ONLY 4120 WILL BE SUCCESSFUL, 4130 WILL BE SKIPPED, THE OTHERS +",3550,"T:ARE EXECUTED BUT FAIL.",3560,"C(C=1):D=D+1",3570,"J(D=3):*ENDEM",3580,"T:WHAT IF 'TWO AND NINE' IS ENTERED +",3590,"C:C=0",3600,"A:#C",3610,"T(C=1):GOOD, +",3620,"T(C#1):SORRY, +" 3630,"T:ONLY 4090 WILL BE SUCCESSFUL, 4100 (THE ONE WITH 'NINE') WILL +",3640,"T:BE SKIPPED, THE REST WILL FAIL.",3650,"C(C=1):D=D+1",3660,"T(D=0):YOU DIDN'T GET EVEN ONE RIGHT. AMAZING!",3670,"T(D=1):YOU GOT ONLY ONE CORRECT. YOU SHOULD TRY HARDER!",3680,"T(D=2):WELL, YOU DID GET TWO RIGHT.",3690,"*ENDEM T:NOTICE THAT EACH SET OF 'CONTINUED' MATCH STATEMENTS +",3700,"T:ACTS LIKE ONLY ONE STATEMENT AS FAR AS BOTH THE MATCH FLAG AND +",3710,"T:THE DEMAND STATEMENT.",3720,"T:" 3730,"T:WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL MATCHES +",3740,"T:THAT CAN BE 'DEMANDED' +",3750,"*NUMDEM A:#C",3760,"TB:I MUST 'DEMAND' A NUMBER +",3770,"JB:*NUMDEM",3780,"C:C=C+.5",3790,".I:C",3800,"T(C=99):I GUESS YOU REALLY DID YOUR HOMEWORK! +",3810,"T(C>99):TOO HIGH! +",3820,"T(C<99):TOO LOW! +",3830,"T:THE LARGEST ALLOWED OBJECT OF A DEMAND STATEMENT IS 99. THUS +",3840,"T:YOU CAN HAVE UP TO 99 MATCHES TO BE 'DEMANDED'! IT IS RARE +" 3850,"T:THAT YOU WILL EVER NEED THIS MANY FOR A VERY SIMPLE REASON.",3860,"T:WHAT IS THE LONGEST RESPONSE ALLOWED BY PILOT +",3870,"A:#E",3880,".M:SEVENT*TWO",3890,"CY:E=72",3900,"C:E=E+.5",3910,".I:E",3920,"T(E>72):NO WAY! +",3930,"C:P=72-E",3940,"C(P<0):P=-P",3950,"T(P<3):CLOSE! +",3960,"T(E=72):EXACTLY! +",3970,"T:UP TO 72 CHARACTERS MAY BE TYPED IN AT ANY TIME. THIS IS THE +" 3980,"T:MOST THAT PILOT CAN CHECK FOR POSSIBLE MATCHES AT ANY ONE TIME.",3990,"T:",4000,"T:THAT COMPLETES EVERYTHING THERE IS TO KNOW ABOUT DEMAND! YOU +",4010,"T:NOW KNOW (OR HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO) MOST OF THE PILOT LANGUAGE +",4020,"T:STATEMENTS. YOU CAN CAUSE THE COMPUTER TO PRINT OUR STUFF, ASK +",4030,"T:QUESTIONS, MATCH THE RESPONSE, MAKE APPROPRIATE COMMENTS, JUMP, +",4040,"T:AND NOW DEMAND. THERE ARE ONLY THREE MORE THINGS TO KNOW AND +" 4050,"T:YOU WILL BE AN EXPERT! THESE ARE: HOW TO MODIFY THE VALUE OF +",4060,"T:A NUMERIC VARIABLE, SUBROUTINE JUMPING, AND A MORE POWERFUL +",4070,"T:MATCH STATEMENT.",4080,"T:",4090,"T:LET'S REVIEW WHAT YOU KNOW ABOUT NUMERIC VARIABLES. FIRST +",4100,"*26 T:HOW MANY DIFFERENT NUMERIC VARIABLES ARE THERE +",4110,"A:#A",4120,".M:TWENT*SIX",4130,"CY:A=26",4140,"C:A=A+.5",4150,".I:A",4160,"T(A=26):PRECISELY!",4170,"J(A=26):*RIGHTNUMBER" 4180,"T:COME NOW! HOW MANY CHARACTERS IN A NUMERIC VARIABLE NAME +",4190,"A:#A",4200,"M:ONE",4210,"CY:A=1",4220,"C:A=A+.5",4230,".I:A",4240,"T(A=1):OF COURSE, +",4250,"T(A#1):BOY, I THINK YOU NEED TO REVIEW LESSON ONE! +",4260,"T:EACH NUMERIC VARIABLE CONSISTS OF A SINGLE CHARACTER.",4270,"T:CAN THIS CHARACTER BE ANYTHING +",4280,"A:",4290,".M:[N],[NO,ALPHA,LETTER,LETER",4300,"Y:EXACTLY! +" 4310,"N:WELL, +",4320,"T:ONLY THE ALPHABETIC LETTERS QUALIFY FOR A NUMERIC VARIABLE NAME.",4330,"J:*26",4340,"*RIGHTNUMBER T:WHAT PILOT STATEMENT(S) CAN MODIFY THE VALUE +",4350,"T:STORED IN A NUMERIC VARIABLE +",4360,"A:",4370,".M:[A],[ANS",4380,"Y:YES, +",4390,".M:.I],[C],.X],[COMP,[INTE*FUNC,RANDOM",4400,"Y:MY, YOU HAVE BEEN STUDYING HARD! +",4410,"T:SO FAR WE HAVE ONLY DISCUSSED HOW THE ANSWER STATEMENT CAN +",4420,"T:MODIFY THE VALUE OF A VARIABLE.",4430,"T:WHAT PART OF AN ANSWER STATEMENT ALLOWS THIS +" 4440,"A:",4450,".M:OBJECT,RIGHT*SIDE,AFTER*COLON,AFTER*:",4460,"Y:BEAUTIFUL! +",4470,"N:WELL, IT IS THE OBJECT. +",4480,"T:AND WHAT SPECIAL SYMBOL SIGNIFIES A NUMERIC VARIABLE +",4490,"A:",4500,".M:#,NUMB*SIGN",4510,"Y:OF COURSE!",4520,"N:YOU DO NEED TO REVIEW. IT IS THE NUMBER SIGN (#).",4530,"T:NAME TWO WAYS IN WHICH A NUMERIC VARIABLE MAY BE USED.",4540,"A:",4550,"M:CONDIT,IF,TEST",4560,".M:PRINT,OUTPUT,TYPE,[T],REGURG,MESSAG" 4570,".D:2",4580,"Y:YOU'RE A COOL DUDE! +",4590,"JY:*COOLDUDE",4600,".D:1",4610,"Y:WELL, YOU GOT ONE. +",4620,"N:HEY, WHAT GIVES?? LISTEN, IF YOU NEED TO REVIEW (AND I SUSPECT +",4630,"N:YOU DO) THEN GO BACK TO THE FIRST LESSON! +",4640,"*COOLDUDE T:THE FIRST WAY WE STUDIED WAS TO OUTPUT THE VALUE IN A +",4650,"T:TYPE STATEMENT. THE SECOND WAS IN A CONDITION. HERE IS A PART +",4660,"T:OF A PROGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE:",4670,"T:",4680,"T: 4520 T:WHAT IS YOUR AGE + ",4690,".T: 4530 *PLEASE A:#A" 4700,"T: 4540 TB:GIMME A NUMBER!",4710,"T: 4550 JB:*PLEASE",4720,"T: 4560 T(A<=0):WHAT? A NEGATIVE NUMBER!",4730,"T: 4570 T(A>150):A FOSSIL IF I EVER SAW ONE!",4740,".T: 4580 T:ARE YOU REALLY #A YEARS OLD???",4750,"T:",4760,"T:WHAT DOES THE CONDITION 'B' DO +",4770,"A:",4780,"M:NUMB,VALUE,DIGIT,QUANT,NUMER",4790,"Y:RIGHT ON! +",4800,"N:I ALMOST FEEL LIKE GIVING UP ON YOU! +",4810,"T:THE STATEMENTS WITH A 'B' CONDITION ARE EXECUTED ONLY IF NO +" 4820,"T:VALID NUMBER WERE ENTERED. IT ALLOWS TESTING OR CHECKING FOR A +",4830,"T:NUMBER IN THE RESPONSE.",4840,"T:SOMETIMES IT IS DESIRED TO MODIFY THE VALUE OF A NUMERIC +",4850,"T:VARIABLE OTHER THAN IN AN ANSWER STATEMENT. THERE ARE THREE +",4860,"T:PILOT STATEMENTS THAT DO THIS. THE FIRST AND MOST POWERFUL IS +",4870,"T:THE COMPUTE STATEMENT. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE INSTRUCTION +",4880,"T:FOR THE COMPUTE STATEMENT +",4890,"A:",4900,".M:[.C]",4910,"Y:AHA, YOU ARE TOO TRICKY! +",4920,"JY:*AHA",4930,".M:[C]" 4940,"Y:EXACTLY! +",4950,"N:NO WAY! +",4960,"*AHA T:THE INSTRUCTION FOR THE COMPUTE STATEMENT IS SIMPLY A 'C'.",4970,"T:LET'S LOOK AT A FEW EXAMPLE COMPUTE STATEMENTS:",4980,"T:",4990,"T: 7350 C:A=5",5000,"T: 8120 CY:B=A+32*X",5010,"T: 8320 C(Z>3):S=T*(2+N)",5020,"T: 9040 C:H=K",5030,"T: 9450 C:N=N+1",5040,"T:",5050,"T:THE OBJECT OF THE COMPUTE STATEMENT BEGINS WITH WHAT +",5060,"A:" 5070,".M:[LET*ER,ALPHA*CHAR",5080,"Y:YES THAT IS TRUE, BUT MORE PROPERLY +",5090,"JY:*TURE",5100,"M:VARIABLE",5110,"Y:YOU ARE VERY OBSERVANT. +",5120,"N:OH MY ACHING HEADS! WILL YOU WAKE UP?? +",5130,"*TURE T:THE FIRST THING IN THE COMPUTE OBJECT IS A NUMERIC +",5140,"T:VARIABLE. IT IS THE ONE WHOSE VALUE IS TO BE MODIFIED.",5150,"JY:*YEECH",5160,"T:WHAT IS THE NUMERIC VARIABLE THAT IS TO BE MODIFIED IN +",5170,"T:STATEMENT 8320 ABOVE +",5180,"A:",5190,".M:[S]" 5200,"Y:ALRIGHT, +",5210,"N:I GIVE UP! +",5220,"T:THE VARIABLE S WILL BE MODIFIED WHEN 8320 IS EXECUTED.",5230,"*YEECH T:WHAT IS THE NEXT ITEM IN ALL COMPUTE STATEMENT AFTER THE +",5240,"T:LEADING NUMERIC VARIABLE +",5250,"A:",5260,".M:[=],[EQUAL",5270,"Y:GOOD. +",5280,"N:ARE YOU BLIND, OR CAN'T YOU SPELL?? +",5290,"T:ALL COMPUTE STATEMENTS MUST HAVE AN EQUALS SIGN (=). THE PART +",5300,"T:TO THE RIGHT OF THE EQUALS SIGN IS VERY GENERALLY TERMED AN +",5310,"T:ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION OR SIMPLY EXPRESSION.",5320,"T:" 5330,"T: C:=",5340,"T:",5350,"T:THIS IS HOW YOU WOULD DIAGRAM A GENERAL COMPUTE STATEMENT. THE +",5360,"T:'<>' SURROUND A SINGLE SYNTACTICAL PILOT ENTITY. I HAVE LEFT +",5370,"T:OFF THE STATEMENT NUMBER AND ANY OPTIONAL LABEL OR CONDITION, +",5380,"T:THEY ARE MOST CERTAINLY ALLOWED. WHERE DOES THE CONDITION GO??",5390,"A:",5400,".M:AFT*[C],BEF*COLO,BEF*:,BETW*[C]*COL,BETW*[C]*:,RIGHT*[C].LEFT*:",5410,".MN:LEFT*COL,BETW*[INST*:,BETW*[INST*COL,AFT*[INST,BETW*:*[C]" 5420,".MN:BETW*COL*[C],BETW*:*[INST,BETW*COL*INST,RIGHT*[INST",5430,"Y:VERY GOOD! +",5440,"N:TSK, TSK, REVIEW, REVIEW, REVIEW! +",5450,"T:IN ANY PILOT STATEMENT THE OPTIONAL CONDITION GOES AFTER THE +",5460,"T:INSTRUCTION (IN THIS CASE THE C) AND BEFORE THE COLON.",5470,"T:",5480,"T:THE EXPRESSION IS A COMBINATION OF NUMERIC VARIABLES, NUMERIC +",5490,"T:CONSTANTS, ARITHMETIC OPERATORS, AND PARENTHESES. IT IS +",5500,"T:EVALUATED BY THE FAMILIAR RULES OF ALGEBRA, AND THE RESULTANT +" 5510,"T:VALUE IS STORED IN THE VARIABLE TO THE LEFT OF THE EQUALS SIGN.",5520,"T:WHAT SYMBOL DO YOU THINK INDICATES ADDITION +",5530,"A:",5540,"M:+,PLUS",5550,"Y:GOOD, +",5560,"N:IT IS SIMPLY A PLUS SIGN (+)! +",5570,"T:HOW ABOUT MULTIPLICATION +",5580,"A:",5590,"M:*,ASTER,ASTR",5600,"Y:RIGHT! +",5610,"N:WELL, THE ASTERISK (*) DESIGNATES MULTIPLICATION.",5620,"JY:*MULTIPLY",5630,"T:OK, HOW ABOUT DIVISION +" 5640,"A:",5650,"M:/,SLASH",5660,"Y:OF COURSE. +",5670,"N:SORRY, IT IS THE SLASH (/).",5680,"N:NOW, +",5690,"*MULTIPLY T:RAISE TO A POWER (EXPONENTIATION) +",5700,"A:",5710,".M:^,SHIF*[N],[UP*[AR*OW",5720,"Y:BEAUTIFUL!",5730,"JY:*DOUBLEA",5740,"M:**",5750,"Y:THAT IS A GOOD GUESS, YOU MUST BE FAMILIAR WITH SOME COMPUTER +",5760,"Y:PROGRAMMING! +" 5770,"N:WELL, THIS IS NOT SO OBVIOUS, BUT +",5780,"T:IN PILOT (AS WELL AS HP BASIC) THE UP ARROW (^) INDICATES THE +",5790,"T:OPERATION OF 'RAISE TO A POWER'.",5800,"*DOUBLEA T:LET'S SUMMARIZE THE ARITHMETIC OPERATORS:",5810,"T:",5820,"T: + ADDITION",5830,"T: - SUBTRACTION (ALSO UNARY MINUS)",5840,"T: * MULTIPLICATION",5850,"T: / DIVISION",5860,"T: ^ RAISE TO A POWER (EXPONENTIATION)",5870,"T:",5880,"T:WHAT IS THE RESULT OF 7+5 +",5890,"C:B=A=0" 5900,"A:#A",5910,"T(A=12):RIGHT!",5920,"T(A#12):REALLY! 7+5 IS 12!",5930,"C(A=12):B=1",5940,"T:HOW ABOUT 6-2 +",5950,"A:#A",5960,"T(A=4):YES.",5970,"T(A#4):THE LAST TIME I CHECKED 6-2 WAS 4, IT STILL IS!",5980,"C(A=4):B=B+1",5990,"T:TRY 3*5 +",6000,"A:#A",6010,"T(A=15):GOOD.",6020,"T(A#15):COME ON! 3*5 IS 3 TIMES 5 AND IS 15." 6030,"C(A=15):B=B+1",6040,"T:WHAT IS 28/7 +",6050,"A:#A",6060,"T(A=4):PRECISELY!",6070,"T(A#4):NO, 28/7 IS 4, (DIVISION, DIVISION!)",6080,"C(A=4):B=B+1",6090,"T:NOW TRY 2^3 +",6100,"A:#A",6110,"T(A=8):EXCELLENT!",6120,"T(A=9):GOOD GUESS, BUT YOU HAVE IT BACKWARDS. +",6130,"T(A#8):THIS MEANS 2 RAISED TO THE THIRD POWER, OR 2 MULTIPLIED BY +",6140,"T(A#8):ITSELF 3 TIMES, THUS 2^3 IS 2*2*2 WHICH IS 8.",6150,"C(A=8):B=B+1" 6160,"J(B=5):*MORECOMPLICATED",6170,"T:OK, HOW ABOUT -3+9 +",6180,"A:#A",6190,"T(A=6):RIGHT ON.",6200,"T(A#6):NO, -3+9 IS SIMPLY 6.",6210,"C(A=6):B=B+1",6220,"J(B=5):*MORECOMPLICATED",6230,"T:TRY 5^2 +",6240,"A:#A",6250,"T(A=25):FINE!",6260,"T(A#25):NOPE, 5^2 MEANS 5 SQUARED OR 5*5 WHICH IS 25.",6270,"C(A=25):B=B+1",6280,"J(B=5):*MORECOMPLICATED" 6290,"T:ONE MORE, WHAT IS 12/3",6300,"A:#A",6310,"T(A=4):YES.",6320,"T(A#4):I'M AFRAID NOT, 12 DIVIDED BY 3 IS 4.",6330,"C(A=4):B=B+1",6340,"J(B=5):*MORECOMPLICATED",6350,"T:I DON'T UNDERSTAND YOUR DIFFICULTY. +",6360,"T(B=0):YOU DID NOT EVEN GET ONE RIGHT. +",6370,"T(B):YOU GOT ONLY +",6380,"T(B=1):ONE +",6390,"T(B=2):TWO +",6400,"T(B=3):THREE +",6410,"T(B=4):FOUR +" 6420,"T(B):CORRECT. +",6430,"T:AND THESE EXAMPLES WERE NOT REALLY THAT DIFFICULT. I WISH TO +",6440,"T:TRY SOME MORE COMPLICATED EXPRESSIONS THAT INVOLVE COMBINATIONS +",6450,"T:OF THESE THINGS.",6460,"*MORECOMPLICATED T:NOW DON'T GET THE IDEA THAT ONLY INTEGER +",6470,"T:ARITHMETIC IS ALLOWED BY PILOT. THE EXAMPLES ABOVE AND THE +",6480,"T:ONES BELOW ARE SPECIFICALLY CHOSEN SO YOU CAN EASILY DO THE +",6490,"T:ARITHMETIC IN YOUR HEAD (IF YOU UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT). PILOT +" 6500,"T:CERTAINLY ALLOWS NON-INTEGER (DECIMAL) NUMBERS.",6510,"T(B=5):LET'S TRY SOME MORE COMPLICATED EXPRESSIONS MADE UP OF +",6520,"T(B=5):COMBINATIONS OF THE SIMPLE ONES ABOVE. +",6530,"T(B#5):LET'S TRY SOME MORE COMPLICATED EXPRESSIONS EVEN THOUGH +",6540,"T(B#5):YOU HAD SOME DIFFICULTY ABOVE. +",6550,"T:THESE LEAD US TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TO DO GOOD +",6560,"T:THINGS IN PILOT. KEEP IN MIND THAT THE RULES ARE DESIGNED TO +",6570,"T:BE AS CLOSE TO FAMILIAR ALGEBRA AS POSSIBLE.",6580,"T:" 6590,"T:READY?? WHAT IS 3.5*2+3 +",6600,"A:#A",6610,"T(A=10):VERY GOOD!",6620,"T(A=18):AHA, A COMMON MISTAKE. +",6630,"T(A#10):WRONG, AS IN ORDINARY ALGEBRA, THE MULTIPLICATION IS TO +",6640,"T(A#10):BE DONE FIRST, THEN THE ADDITION. 3.5*2+3 IS 7+3 IS 10.",6650,"C(A=10):B=B+2",6660,"T:AND HOW ABOUT 5-7*2 +",6670,"A:#A",6680,"T(A=-9):EXCELLENT.",6690,"T(A=-2):REMEMBER THAT MULTIPLICATION COMES FIRST. +",6700,"T(A#-9):NOT QUITE. AS IN THE LAST ONE, MULTIPLICATION IS TO BE +" 6710,"T(A#-9):DONE FIRST, THEN ADDITION OR SUBTRACTION. THIS IS JUST +",6720,"T(A#-9):THE ORDINARY ALGEBRA RULES. SO, 5-7*2 BECOMES 5-14 WHICH +",6730,"T(A#-9):IS SIMPLY -9.",6740,"C(A=-9):B=B+2",6750,"T:TRY 13+14/7-8 +",6760,"A:#A",6770,"T(A=7):GOOD.",6780,"T(A#7):AGAIN, THE DIVISION MUST COME FIRST. THUS 13+14/7-8 IS +",6790,"T(A#7):EVALUATED AS 13+2-8 WHICH IS 15-8 WHICH IS 7.",6800,"C(A=7):B=B+2",6810,"T:WHAT IS 3*5-18/6 +",6820,"A:#A",6830,"T(A=12):RIGHT." 6840,"T(A#12):NO, THIS IS EVALUATED AS 15-18/6 WHICH IS 15-3 WHICH IS 12.",6850,"C(A=12):B=B+2",6860,"T:NOW, 4*3^2 +",6870,"A:#A",6880,"T(A=36):ABSOLUTELY CORRECT!",6890,"T(A#36):WELL, THE 'RAISE TO A POWER' OPERATOR (^) HAS HIGHER +",6900,"T(A#36):PRIORITY THAN ANY OTHER OPERATOR. THUS WE GET 4*3^2 +",6910,"T(A#36):BECOMING 4*9 WHICH IS 36.",6920,"C(A=36):B=B+2",6930,"T:WHAT IS THE RESULT OF 3+2^3 +",6940,"A:#A",6950,"T(A=11):EXACTLY!",6960,"T(A#11):NO, THE ^ MUST BE DONE FIRST, SO 3+2^3 BECOMES 3+8 WHICH +" 6970,"T(A#11):BECOMES 11.",6980,"C(A=11):B=B+2",6990,"J(B>14):*SUMMARY",7000,"T:OK, 4^2/2 +",7010,"A:#A",7020,"T(A=8):CORRECT.",7030,"T(A#8):NO, FIRST THE ^, 4^2 IS 16, THEN DIVIDE BY 2 AND GET 8.",7040,"C(A=8):B=B+2",7050,"J(B>14):*SUMMARY",7060,"T:WELL, HOW ABOUT 7.5/1.5+1 +",7070,"A:#A",7080,"T(A=6):GOOD!",7090,"T(A#6):NOW WHICH OPERATOR IS DONE FIRST +" 7100,"A(A#6):",7110,"M(A#6):/,DIVID,DIVIS,SLASH",7120,"N:NO, NO, NO! +",7130,"T(A#6):THE DIVISION MUST BE DONE FIRST. THUS 5+1 IS 6.",7140,"C(A=6):B=B+2",7150,"J(B>14):*SUMMARY",7160,"T:I REALIZE THAT THE COMPUTE STATEMENT IS SOMEWHAT COMPLICATED, +",7170,"T:BUT I REALLY DON'T THINK YOU ARE TRYING. ONE DOES NOT NEED TO +",7180,"T:DO A LOT OF COMPUTING IN PILOT, IT IS NOT DESIGNED FOR THAT, +",7190,"T:YET A CERTAIN AMOUNT IS EXTREMELY USEFUL. YOU HAVE NOT BEEN +" 7200,"T:DOING VERY WELL ON THE PAST FEW EXERCISES. I AM SOMEWHAT +",7210,"T:DISAPPOINTED.",7220,"*SUMMARY T:",7230,"T:YOU NOTICE THAT SOME OPERATORS ARE DONE BEFORE OTHERS, THAT IS +",7240,"T:THERE IS A CERTAIN PRIORITY TO THEIR EVALUATION. THIS MAY BE +",7250,"T:SUMMARIZED AS:",7260,"T:",7270,"T: PRIORITY OPERATOR",7280,"T:",7290,"T: 1 ^",7300,"T: 2 * AND /",7310,"T: 3 + AND -",7320,"T:" 7330,"T:OPERATORS OF THE SAME PRIORITY ARE EVALUATED LEFT TO RIGHT. +",7340,"T:AND PARENTHESES MAY BE USED TO CHANGE THE ORDER.",7350,"T:HOW DO YOU SUPPOSE PARENTHESES CHANGE THE ORDER??",7360,"A:",7370,".M:FIRST,HIGH*PRIOR,1ST,BEFORE",7380,"Y:OK, +",7390,"N:WELL, +",7400,"T:PARTS OF THE EXPRESSION INSIDE THE PARENTHESES ARE EVALUATED +",7410,"T:FIRST. CONSIDER 3*(2+4), WHAT IS THE RESULT +",7420,"A:#A",7430,"T(A=18):EXACTLY!",7440,"T(A#18):NO WAY, THE QUANTITY WITHIN THE PARENTHESES IS EVALUATED +" 7450,"T(A#18):FIRST THUSLY: 3*(2+4) BECOMES 3*6 WHICH IS 18.",7460,"T:NOTE THAT THIS FOLLOWS THE FAMILIAR ALGEBRA RULES.",7470,"J(A=18):*OVERTHESEXTRA",7480,"T:HOW ABOUT (17-3)/14 +",7490,"A:#A",7500,"T(A=1):GOOD.",7510,"T(A#1):SORRY, IT IS 14/14 WHICH IS 1.",7520,"J(A=1):*OVERTHESEXTRA",7530,"T:TRY 12+2^(2+1) +",7540,"A:#A",7550,"T(A=20):ALRIGHT!",7560,"T(A#20):NO, NO. IT IS 12+2^3 WHICH IS 12+8 WHICH IS 20.",7570,"T(A#20):YOU DO SEEM TO HAVE AN EXTRAORDINARY AMOUNT OF +" 7580,"T(A#20):DIFFICULTY. +",7590,"T:YOU DID +",7600,"T(B<5):VERY +",7610,"T(B<3):VERY +",7620,"T(B<10):POORLY +",7630,"T(B>14):QUITE +",7640,"T(B>=10):WELL +",7650,"T:ON THE PREVIOUS EXERCISES, +",7660,"T(B>=10):BUT +",7670,"T(B<10):AND +",7680,"T:MISSED ALL +",7690,"T(A=20):BUT ONE +",7700,"T:OF THESE LAST FEW. SIGH!!!" 7710,"*OVERTHESEXTRA T:",7720,"T:NOW VERY CAREFULLY CONSIDER: 20/4*5 IS WHAT +",7730,"A:#A",7740,"T(A=25):VERY GOOD!",7750,"T(A=1):THAT IS A COMMON MISTAKE, BUT +",7760,"T(A#25):WRONG. +",7770,"T:SINCE * AND / HAVE THE SAME PRIORITY, THE EVALUATION IS LEFT TO +",7780,"T:RIGHT, SO YOU GET 20/4*5 IS 5*5 IS 25.",7790,"T:NOW WHAT IS 20/(4*5) +",7800,"A:#A",7810,"T(A=1):THAT'S RIGHT. +",7820,"T(A#1):WOOPS! +",7830,"T:THE PARENTHESES FORCE THE MULTIPLICATION TO BE DONE FIRST, +" 7840,"T:HENCE THIS BECOMES 20/20 WHICH IS 1. THIS IS A TRICKY POINT, +",7850,"T:AND EVEN SOME DISTINGUISHED TEXTS ON COMPUTER PROGRAMMING HAVE +",7860,"T:MISSED IT.",7870,"T:SO FAR WE HAVE CONSIDERED LITERAL EXPRESSIONS, THAT IS, THOSE +",7880,"T:THAT INVOLVE ONLY NUMERIC CONSTANTS WITH NO NUMERIC VARIABLES. +",7890,"T:THESE WORK THE SAME WAY WITH THE VALUE CONTAINED IN THE NUMERIC +",7900,"T:VARIABLE REPLACING ITS NAME DURING THE EVALUATION. CONSIDER:",7910,"T:",7920,"T: 4560 C:A=5",7930,"T: 4570 C:B=3" 7940,"T: 4580 C:X=2*A+B",7950,"T:",7960,"T:WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION IN STATEMENT 4580 +",7970,"A:#A",7980,"T(A=13):PRECISELY!",7990,"J(A=13):*OVERPRECISELY",8000,"T:THAT IS NOT QUITE RIGHT, FIRST WHAT IS THE VALUE STORED IN A +",8010,"A:#A",8020,"T(A=5):RIGHT! +",8030,"T(A#5):NO, +",8040,"T:STATEMENT 4560 SETS THE VALUE OF A TO 5.",8050,"T:WHAT ABOUT B +",8060,"A:#A" 8070,"T(A=3):GOOD. +",8080,"T(A#3):JUST THINK!! STATEMENT 4570 STORES 3 IN B.",8090,"T:THUS THE EXPRESSION BECOMES 2*5+3 WHICH IS +",8100,"A:#A",8110,"T(A=13):RIGHT! NOW THAT WASN'T HARD WAS IT??",8120,"T(A#13):SIGH, I AM AFRAID NOT. AS BEFORE 2*5+3 IS 10+3 IS 13.",8130,"*OVERPRECISELY T:NOW WHAT VALUE IS STORED IN X BY STATEMENT 4580 +",8140,"A:#G",8150,"T(G=13):EXACTLY! +",8160,"T(G#13):MY, MY, SINCE +",8170,"T:THE VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION IS 13, +",8180,"T(G=13):SO +",8190,"T:13 IS STORED IN X." 8200,"T:",8210,"T:HERE IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE:",8220,"T:",8230,"T: 3170 C:N=7",8240,"T: 3180 C:N=N+1",8250,"T:",8260,"T:WHAT VALUE IS STORED IN N BY STATEMENT 3180 +",8270,"A:#A",8280,"T(A=8):VERY GOOD! +",8290,"J(A=8):*RIGHT8",8300,"T:WELL, WHAT IS STORED IN N BY STATEMENT 3170 +",8310,"A:#A",8320,"T(A=7):OK, +" 8330,"T(A#7):NO, +",8340,"T:IT IS 7. SO WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION IN 3180 +",8350,"A:#A",8360,"T(A=8):RIGHT, +",8370,"T(A#8):NO, 7+1 IS 8. SO +",8380,"T:WHAT IS THE VALUE STORED IN N BY STATEMENT 3180 +",8390,"A:#A",8400,"T(A=8):OF COURSE! +",8410,"T(A#8):THAT IS NOT CORRECT, N IS SET TO 8.",8420,"*RIGHT8 T:NOTICE THAT THE EQUALS SIGN IS NOT AN ALGEBRAIC +",8430,"T:'EQUALS'. IT SIGNIFIES REPLACEMENT, NOT EQUALITY. +",8440,"T:ALGEBRAICALLY, N CAN NEVER EQUAL N+1!! WHAT WE HAVE IS A +",8450,"T:COUNTER." 8460,"T:",8470,"T:PILOT ALSO ALLOWS MULTIPLE REPLACEMENT AS IN:",8480,"T:",8490,"T: 1740 C:A=X=16+C*2",8500,"T:",8510,"T:IF THE VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION IS 13, WHAT IS X SET TO +",8520,"A:#H",8530,"T(H#13):NO, 13 IS STORED IN X.",8540,"T:AND A +",8550,"A:#I",8560,"T(I=13):EXACTLY! +",8570,"T(I#13):NO, +",8580,"T:HERE BOTH A AND X ARE SET TO 13, THE VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION." 8590,"T:LET'S ILLUSTRATE THE USE OF THE COMPUTE STATEMENT.",8600,"T:",8610,"T: 4920 C:N=R=0",8620,"T: .",8630,"T: .",8640,"T: 5120 C:N=N+1",8650,"T: 5130 CY:R=R+1",8660,"T: .",8670,"T: .",8680,"T: 5470 C:N=N+1",8690,"T: 5480 CY:R=R+1",8700,"T: .",8710,"T: ." 8720,".T: 9450 T:OUT OF #N QUESTIONS, YOU GOT #R CORRECT.",8730,"T:",8740,"T:HERE THE .. REPRESENT QUESTIONS.",8750,"T:WHICH VARIABLE REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CORRECT QUESTIONS +",8760,"A:",8770,".M:[R]",8780,"Y:RIGHT! +",8790,"N:I THINK NOT, +",8800,"T:HERE N IS THE NUMBER OF QUESTIONS AND R IS THE NUMBER OF RIGHT +",8810,"T:QUESTIONS. THERE CAN BE AS MANY QUESTIONS AS YOU WISH.",8820,"T:SUCH COUNTERS CAN DO ALL SORTS OF GOOD THINGS. YOU MAY WISH TO +" 8830,"T:REPEAT A QUESTION, GIVE A SIMPLE HINT AFTER THE FIRST WRONG +",8840,"T:RESPONSE, A STRONG HINT AFTER THE SECOND, AND GIVE UP ON THE +",8850,"T:THIRD. A COUNTER CAN KEEP TRACK OF THE NUMBER AND BY USING IT +",8860,"T:IN A CONDITION YOU CAN DO JUST ABOUT ANYTHING YOU WISH.",8870,"T:EVEN THOUGH THE COMPUTE STATEMENT CAN BE QUITE COMPLICATED, +",8880,"T:MOST OF ITS USE IN PILOT IS IN THE WAY OF SIMPLE COUNTERS. IN +",8890,"T:THE NEXT PROGRAM (AND THE LAST!) IN THIS SERIES WE WILL +" 8900,"T:ELABORATE ON THE COMPUTE STATEMENT SOME MORE.",8910,"T:",8920,"T: 'TILL NEXT TIME, PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE, ...",8930,"T:",8940,"E:"